In the Fall semester 2012 Humberto Ortiz-Zuazaga taught Computer Architecture I, and asked the students to work on implementing an 16 bit CPU in Logisim. Let's see if I finally got the spec right.
I first gave a design for a 16-bit CPU in my 2004 Computer Architecture course. The specification is described in this final exam.
The idea is to build a simple CPU up from logic gates. I asked students to use only and gates, or gates or inverters. I used RAM for the program memory, but we built everything else up.
The CPU will execute 16-bit instructions.
With 16 registers we can let 4 bits represent the rs, rt and rd registers, and have 4 bits for the op:
0000 | add rd rs rt | R format |
0001 | sub rd rs rt | R format |
0010 | lw rd rs rt | R format |
0011 | sw rd rs rt | R format |
0100 | and rd rs rt | R format |
0101 | or rd rs rt | R format |
0110 | not rd rs rt | R format |
1000 | addi rd imm8 | I format |
1001 | ldhi rd imm8 | I format |
1010 | bz rd imm8 | I format |
1011 | bnz rd imm8 | I format |
1101 | jal rd imm8 | I format |
1110 | jr rd | R format |
1111 | j imm12 | J format |
lwand
swcompute the target address as rs+rt.
ldhiloads an 8-bit immediate into the upper 8 bits of a register.
bzjumps to PC + imm8.
jjumps to PC + imm12.
jalsaves PC+1 in r1 and jumps to PC+imm8.
With the format described above we can write a small program to count to n in 16-bit pseudoMIPS assembly
add $1, $0, $0 addi $1, 10 ; set n to 10 add $2, $0, $0 ; set i to 0 loop: addi $2, 1 addi $1, -1 bnz $1, loop ; loop is PC-2
We can translate this by hand to the machine language:
binary | hex 0000 0001 0000 0000 | 0100 1000 0001 0000 1010 | 810A 0000 0010 0000 0000 | 0200 1000 0010 0000 0001 | 8201 1000 0001 1111 1111 | 81FF 1011 0001 1111 1110 | B1FE
Loading the instruction memory with these values will allow us to simulate the execution of the program.
The design is a simplified version of the MIPS design presented in the textbook David A Patterson, John L Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design, Fourth Edition: The Hardware/Software Interface, 2009. ISBN 978-0-12-374493-7
A register file with 16 16-bit registers feeds into a simple ALU. We use multiplexers, decoders and demultiplexers to select the registers for the ALU to process. A control table drives the components based on the instruction to be executed.
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Most recent change: 2013/10/10 at 10:25
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